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(Famous Kurds)

 

1.) Salahaddin (Saladin) al-Ayyubi: 1137-1193 A.D.

His name is Yousif and his father’s name is Ayyub.

·        He was considered as one of the great leaders in world history.

·        He was the ruler ( Sultan) of the Ayyubid Empire, which he founded and was extended from Tunisia in North Africa to Diyarbakir in Kurdistan of Turkey and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula. He ruled in the years 1171-1193 AD. He was called Saladin in the western countries.

 

2.) Sharaf-Khan Balisi:  1542-1602 A.D.

He was considered the first person to write a book about the history of the Kurdish people, his famous book was called Sharaf-Naama, he wrote it in 1596 A.D.

·        He was Amir ( prince) of Badlisi in Kurdistan of Turkey.

He tried very hard to unite the Kurdish Emirates or Independent and the small

districts together in a large and strong united Kurdish state in Kurdistan.

 

3.) Ahmedi Khaney:  1651-1707 A.D.

He is the most famous Kurdish poet and literary, he wrote the most famous story in the Kurdish Literature called “the story of Mam-o-Zin,”which is a love story equal to Romeo and Juliet story in the west or Manjoon and Layla story in the Arabic Literature.

·        In the story, Mam is the man and Zin is the Girl.

·        Also he wrote Kurdish-Arabic dictionary called Nubahar, and wrote poems in the Kurdish, Arabic, Turkish, and Persian languages. He lived in Kurdistan of Turkey.

·        In his literature he called for the Kurdish unity in a larger united Kurdistan.

 

 

4.) Bader Khan: 1794-1868 A.D.

Bader Khan Pasha started the modern struggle for the Kurdish people’s rights.

·        His struggle began in 1812. He ruled from 1812-1848 in the Emirate of Butan, and its Capital the city of Jezira in Kurdistan of Turkey.

·        In 1843, he controlled some parts of Kurdistan of Iraq and Iran.

·        Bader Khan called all other Kurdish Emirates to unite under larger united Kurdish state, which led to several years of war with the Ottoman Empire that ended Bader Khan’s rule in 1848, and they put him into exile. In 1868 he passed away.

 

  5.) Sheikh Mahmoud al-Hafeed:

He was King of Kurdistan of Iraq.

·        Also he was the leader of the Kurdish Revolution in Kurdistan of Iraq between 1919-1924.

·        He started the Revolution in the Sulaimaniyah region.

·        In 1923 he declared himself as the King of Kurdistan of Iraq. He passed away in 1955.

 

1.)    Sheikh Saeed Piran:

He started a major revolt in Kurdistan of Turkey in Diyar Bakir in 1925,which then spread to other parts of Kurdistan of Turkey. He and other leaders of the revolt were hanged after the collapse of the Revolution.

 

2.)    Qazi Mohammad:

He was considered as the first president of a Kurdish republic in Kurdistan.

On December 15, 1945 he helped establish the first Kurdish Republic in Kurdistan of Iran under the name of Republic of Mahabad. The Republic lasted for a year, until December 7, 1946.

·        He became president of the republic on January 22, 1946.

·        He was hanged by the Shah regime after the collapse of the Republic.

 

3.)    Mustafa Barzani: 1903-1979 A.D.

Also he was known as Mulla Mustafa al-Barzani.

Mustafa Barzani was considered as the great leader and founding father of the modern struggle for the Kurdish people’s freedom and legitimate rights.

·        He struggled for over fifty years.

·        He was a very talented leader.

·        His father was Sheikh Mohammed, who was the spiritual leader of Barzan between 1872-1903.

 

 

Mustafa Barzani’s struggle in Summary:

 

1.)    In 1919 his brother Sheikh Ahmed sent him to Sulaimanyah as a leader of a group of Pesh Mergas ( fighters) to help Sheikh Mahmoud al-Hafeed’s Revolution in Kurdistan of Iraq for the Kurdish freedom and Legitimate rights

2.)    In 1931-1932 during the first major Barzan Revolt in Kurdistan of Iraq for the Kurdish rights, his brother Sheikh Ahmed was the leader, and he was the commander of the Pesh Mergas against the government of Iraq ( King Faisal 1)  and the British.

3.)    In 1943-1945, he led the second major Barzan Revolt in Kurdistan of Iraq.

4.)    In 1945-1946 at the Republic of Mahabad:

Mustafa Barzani brought several thousands of Iraqi Kurds from Kurdistan of Iraq, to help defend the new Kurdish Republic in Kurdistan of Iran, then he joined the republic of Mahabad under the leadership of Qazi Mohammad and was appointed as the chief of the Armed Forces (Pesh Mergas) of the Republic also he was one of four people given the rank of General.

Mustafa Barzani and the fighters that came with him from Kurdistan of Iraq helped in defending the republic and defeated the Iranian Army during several battles in 1946.

The Republic lasted for one year from December 15, 1945 – December 7, 1945. Qazi Mohammad became President of Mahabad on January 22, 1946. on December 1946 the Republic of Mahabad collapsed after have been attacked by the Iranian Army during the Shah Rule.

 

5.)    Mustafa Barzani’s legend march to the Soviet Union in 1947:

In December of 1946, after the collapsed of Republic of Mahabad the Kurds of Iraq who were helping the Republic of Mahabad at that time came under attack by the Iranian Army and the threat of money attacks if they do not surrender to the Iranian government or go back to Iraq where the Iraqi Army was waiting for them. 

 

The March decision:

In 1947 after month of negotiations, Mustafa Barzani refused to surrender to either Iran or Iraq.  He gathered the fighters and told them that the future is uncertain under these circumstances and that he decided to march to the Soviet Union. He also told them that he is not certain about what is going to happen to him or to any body who wants to come with him when they reach the Soviet Union, and he does not know how long they are going to stay in the Soviet Union. Mustafa Barzani said that his main purpose of going to the Soviet Union is to keep the hope alive for the Kurdish future for their right. He also told them that they might face many armies on their way to the Soviet Union. 560 of the best fighters decided to join him on his march to the Soviet Union.

 

Along with his fighters and several thousands Kurds from Iraqi Kurdistan including women and children they started their march to Soviet Union.  It was winter season and snowy they were around the border area and under the threat of attack from the Iranian Army.  Under these conditions Shaikh Ahmed the brother of Mustafa Barzani decided to take back all the Iraqi Kurds who did not join Mustafa Barzani including women and children to Iraq and surrender to the Iraqi government. 

560 of the best fighters who decided to join Mustafa Barzani in his march to the uncertain future decided to go to the Soviet Union and marched from May 27th to June of 1947.

  

At the beginning of the march the British Royal Air Forces bombed their positions and the Iraqi Army tried to surround them from three sides and they worked with the Armies of Turkey and Iran to prevent them from going to the Soviet Union.  Mustafa Barzani and his Pesh Mergas managed to cross the borders and March through the Armies of Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and the bombing from the British Air Forces to cross into the Soviet Union, and his march became legend. The distance of the march was 355 Kilometers form the border of Iraq and they finished it in 14 days. After crossing into the Soviet Union Mustafa Barzani and his fighters stayed for about 11 years and 4 months.

 

In July of 1958, a new government was established in Iraq and the Monarchy was overthrown.  Mustafa Barzani returned back to Iraq on October 16, 1958 and on April 7th, 1959 about 755 people including the former Pesh-Mergas their wives and children returned back to Iraq. 

 

6.)    The September 1961 Revolution:

Mustafa Barzani led the new Revolution in Kurdistan of Iraq for the Kurdish Rights which was under the banner of Autonomy for Kurdistan and Democracy for Iraq.  This Revolution was halted in March of 1975. 

During this Revolution there have been several cease fires including the four years peace treaty for Autonomy from March 11, 1970 to March 11, 1974 which was called the Declaration of March.

7.)    In May 26, 1976 Mustafa Barzani led another Revolution in Kurdistan of Iraq.

8.)    In the summer of 1976 he traveled to the United States form Iran for the treatment of cancer.

9.)    On March 1, 1979, Mulla Mustafa Barzani passed away at George Town University Hospital in Washington D.C, in the U.S. and he was buried in Kurdistan. 

 

 

Masoud Barzani: